UK sees rise in Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, particularly among elderly. Experts say it’s common and advise preventive measures like handwashing and masks.
The United Kingdom is experiencing a rise in cases of Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus, according to recent reports from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). This increase comes after a period of heightened concern following outbreaks in China, where the virus was initially described as a “mystery” illness. HMPV is not a novel virus; it was first discovered in 2001 by Dutch scientists, and has been found worldwide. It is known to cause cold-like symptoms and is common during winter months.
In the UK, the latest data indicates that HMPV positivity has increased to 4.9%, with the highest rate of 7.3% among individuals aged 80 and over. This data comes from around 7,826 specimens tested recently. This rise in cases comes just weeks after health officials advised the public to consider wearing face masks to help control the spread of respiratory infections. The data further showed that around 7% cases were found among children up to the age of five.
Background on HMPV
Human metapneumovirus is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild symptoms similar to a common cold. It spreads through direct contact with infected individuals or by touching contaminated surfaces. Most people contract HMPV during childhood, typically before the age of five, and may experience repeat infections throughout their lives. Though usually mild, HMPV can cause more severe illness in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and young children.
Earlier this year, an outbreak of a “mystery” virus in China caused alarm, with reports of overcrowded hospitals, particularly affecting children. Social media posts showed images and videos of people wearing masks in hospitals, reminiscent of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The illness was later confirmed to be HMPV, sparking concern that the virus could spread globally. Studies at the time suggested that the “mysterious illness” had already reached the UK.
Current Situation in the UK
The recent UKHSA data highlights that the positivity rate of HMPV has reached its highest level this winter, with 5 percent of hospital swabs for respiratory infections testing positive in the week ending January 19. While this is higher than the 4.18 percent recorded at the start of 2024, it is still below the 10 percent recorded in 2021. UKHSA classifies the current HMPV level in England as “medium” based on the sample data. Data from GP practices showed a positivity rate of 1.9 percent.
Despite the increase in cases, UK health officials have stated that the current levels of HMPV are in line with expectations for this time of year. Dr Conall Watson, a Consultant Epidemiologist at the UK Health Security Agency, emphasized that HMPV is a common winter respiratory infection, with activity typically peaking during this season.
Symptoms and Prevention
Symptoms of HMPV include cough, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, wheezing, and shortness of breath. More serious cases may result in acute bronchitis or pneumonia. Symptoms are generally mild and resolve on their own. Health officials recommend several preventative measures to reduce the spread of HMPV:
Preventative measures
- Regularly washing hands with soap and water.
- Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue and disposing of it immediately.
- Limiting contact with others, especially vulnerable individuals, if experiencing symptoms like fever, cough, and fatigue.
- Consider wearing a face mask if you have respiratory symptoms and need to go out.
Dr. Watson noted that many viruses are currently in circulation, including the flu, and people should seek medical advice when needed. He also mentioned the NHS is currently facing high pressure and winter diseases have increased the burden. The chief executive of NHS England also urged the public to seek help sooner, rather than later, when viruses are easier to treat. The NHS has also put in place plans to manage extra demand by using critical incidents, providing more beds compared to the last year and new ways to care for people at their homes.
Sources: https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/uk-high-alert-mystery-virus-34555461
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/hmpv-mystery-virus-cases-uk-b2687475.html
https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/health/uk-health-officials-break-silence-30877352